The main sources of formation of water flow of rivers and the climate forming factor glaciers as favorable natural media for accumulation of atmospheric aerosols, chemical compounds and metals are considered. A similar phenomenon observed at analyzing the content of heavy metals and distribution of heavy metals in the snow cover on the glaciers of the southern slope of Mount Elbrus due to their transport to long distances in the form of microparticles by an airflow. It is likely that accumulated in snow cover and glaciers contaminants in the process of melting of snow and glaciers to come to rivers and to distribute to long distances. The choice of snow covers as a natural indicator to air pollution it is actual because the snow effectively absorbs impurities from the atmosphere and depositing dry dust emissions from anthropogenic sources. The concentration of pollutants in the snow by 2-3 orders higher than in atmosphere. This allows measurement of the content of substances of quite simple methods with a high degree of reliability. In order to have information about the chemical composition formed from glaciers water flow in the formation zone was conducted a complex of physical and chemical analyses of seasonal snow on the glaciers of the Zeravshan, Rossinj, and Tro of the Zeravshan river basin and tributaries of the Zeravshan River emerging from these glaciers. The river Zeravshan one of the major rivers of Central Asia originates at a height of 2775 m. On the territory of Tajikistan, it flows about 300 km and takes more than 100 small streams and 3 large rivers. The annual flow of the Zeravshan River is on average about 5.2 Bln. m3. Oxygen - deuterium isotopic composition and deuterium excess is considered one of informative indicators in hydrological and glaciological researches for establishment of regularities of processes of ice formation, the snow accumulation and current of mutual transformations. The objects of isotopic analysis were a water from tributaries of the Zeravshan River: Sabag, Yarm, Samjon, Tro, Dehavz, Dihadang, Gusn and Dashtioburdon and seasonal snow from glaciers Zeravshan, Rossinj and Tro. Sampling of snow and water carry out by use of the manual developed by the University of Colorado at Boulder guided sampling. The analysis of samples of water and snow performed on Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) and the isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen are expressed in relative terms δ18О and δ2Н: δ = [(Rsample / Rstandard) – 1] ∙ 1000%o. Where Rsample, Rstandard ratio of 2Н/ 1Н и 18О/16О in samples and standard. The standard is mid-ocean water (SMOW, Vienna, IAEA). The accuracy of the measurement ±0.05‰. In result of the carried-out isotope analyses it has been established that upstream inflows of the Zeravshan river are characterized by values of isotopes: δ18О (-13.23: -13.43), δ2Н (-88.92: -88.32) and Deuterium excess (16.92:19.21). The composition of the water of the Zeravshan River tributaries are characterized by light isotopic composition δ18О ≤ 13.0 % o and δ2Н≤ -100% o. Therefore, it can argued that the fractionation is a result of freezing. This is also demonstrated that snow accumulation occurs in winter. In turn, tributaries of the downstream of the Zeravshan River have the following isotopic composition: δ18О (-11.98:11.61) and δ2Н (-78.45: -75.80). On the base of obtained to assume the existence of seasonal variations in the isotopic composition of precipitation and their influence on the isotopic composition of the river, i.e. the change of the ratio of rainwater, melt water from seasonal snow and underground water. It is knowing that chemical elements and compounds can transported by water to long distances. For example, it was found that compounds of uranium in bicarbonate water could be transported on 30-80 km. To establish the mechanisms of transportation of deposited in seasonal snow contaminants in the tributaries and then to the river Zeravshan the complex physic-chemical of the composition of water of the main tributaries of the Zeravshan River are studied. The agriculture in the upstream of the Zeravshan River due to the limited irrigated areas is poorly developed. Thus, it expected that the flow of the runoff of collector-drainage waters with a high degree of salinity in the river is insignificant. The Fig. 2 presents the results of chemical analyses of water objects of the middle flow of the Zeravshan River.