The oil industry is in one of the first places in terms of negative impact on the environment among the leading sectors of the economy. The problem of water pollution with oil and oil products is becoming more urgent each year. Oil consisting of mainly hydrocarbon molecules, insoluble in water, spreads on the surface of the water during a disaster. Under the action of waves and current, the oil patch divided into many parts. Volatile fractions evaporate in the first hours of the accident; further processes occurring within the contact of oil with water depend on oil composition and environmental changes. Protection of water resources from pollution by oil and oil products is one of the main tasks in present time. There are many methods of water purification from oil and oil products. In this regard, the application of advanced technologies of water purification from oil is very important. In order to evaluate the role of radiation in the process of finding oil on basin surfaces and to reveal the usage opportunities of radiation-chemical technology in water purification from oil contamination, as well as to compare the samples taken from the well, some patterns of radiation-chemical transformations of oil samples after long stay on water surface were studied. Regularities of radiation-chemical transformations of fractions of Surakhani oil fields of Azerbaijan taken from the surface of the basin were studied. Studies were conducted at the range of absorbed doses of γ-radiation 3,8 – 109,5 kGy at dose rate of P=0,21 Gy/s. It was established radiation-chemical yields of gases obtained within the radiolysis of oil fractions and determined structural-group composition of the components. The research results will allow evaluating the possibility of applying radiation-chemical technology in purification of water from degraded oil products. Due to oil degradation on water surface, there occur polycondensation processes, which lead to structural changes of oil. The nature of changes in properties of oil taken from water surface can be traced by IR-spectra of oil fractions and kinetics of gas formation during the radiolysis of oil fractions. During the conjugate effects of gamma radiation and heat at absorbed doses higher than 3 kGy and temperature of 400оС it is possible to refine about 87% of original oil in water. In optimal mode of radiation-thermal process flow the active radiation-generated radicals initiate chain mode of hydrocarbon decomposition in an aqueous medium. In this paper, the authors will present the results of investigation of radiation-chemical transformations of oil, taken from water surface, considered the possibility of applying this method for purification of water bodies from degraded oil in the environment. Study of the changes in oil on water surfaces, as well as under radiation influence and knowledge of the composition of oil contamination on water bodies are necessary conditions for the extraction of additional oil resources from oil-containing sewage. Considering the fact that the greatest hazard to the environment comes from the oil film on the water surface and oil products emulsified in it, the possibility of applying ionizing radiation for removing oil products from sewage is an important consideration in the decision of certain environmental problems.