The highly important issue by which a company ensures its required capitals, both as volume, and as structure in due time and at low costs renders the financing decision an essential role in the administration and management process. Selecting the capital structure at company level implies both setting the extent of financing from own, respectively loaned resources, and considering the procurement costs of these resources. The weak financing of Romanian companies is one of the major causes of the deficient use of the owned production resources, therefore financial resources at accessible costs become essential to the respective economic agents. Considering that the financing decision may be influenced by the manner the economic mechanisms operate on national level, in this report, we emphasize that financing resources must not be analyzed individually, but in relation to the macroeconomic variables, e.g. inflation or the interest rate on the market. In order to see how the evolution of the interest rates have influenced the trend of loans granted by the loan establishments, this report represents a structural and dynamic analysis of the evolution of the overall loans with an emphasis on the non-governmental loans. The swift transition to a new economic mechanism at the beginning of the 90s occurred as Romanian enterprises were completely unprepared, whilst the continuance of most companies was conditioned by non-payment of debts and accumulation of arrears. Therefore, the final part of this report deals with the arrears, a sensitive issue in Romanian economics.