The conception of the cycle is a complex one, in which the lack, insufficiency or defect of a component will generate thousands of changes, that will exteriorize phenotypically and genotypically. The γ-glutamyl cycle is the obvious example of the anomalies caused by such factors, that are subsequently transmitted autosomal recessive. 70 articles published in the last 50 years, using the keywords: “glutathione (GSH)”, “oxidative stress” and “pathologies” and identified in PubMed databases, succeeding a comparative analysis and exclusion of unsubstantiated articles. The γ-glutamyl cycle is becoming a global topic in the study of new forms of cancer, ways in which elevated glutathione levels and the presence of irregular levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) influence disease progression and cell resistance to chemotherapy procedures. The constituent enzymes of the cycle gain importance in the study of various forms of hemolytic anemia caused by deficiencies of γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCL), glutathione synthetase (GSS), glutathione reductase, peroxiredoxins. This cycle becomes relevant in analyzing of its correlation with the immune system, maintaining optimal levels of oxidative stress and protection against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic disorders. The dysfunction of the components of the cycle was attested in the evolution of several disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease caused by glutathione deficiency that cannot maintain oxidative stress levels in cells, thus increasing apoptosis and damage of the central nervous system, that also can be induced by the deficiency of the following enzymes: GGT, GCL, GSS. The lack of the last 2 enzymes can promote 5-oxoprolinuria, manifested by developmental delays, long periods of sleep, dyspnoea in babies. In adults may be caused by drug intake in excess (paracetamol, acetaminophen). Disorders of GSH metabolism can cause liver damage resulting in cirrhosis. In the lungs, its deficiency will disrupt the production of surfactant, proceed inflammatory processes. The enzymes of the cycle offer the possibility of new forms of treatment of neurodegenerative, ischemic, immun diseases, cancers. GSH becomes the "protein of life", and with other provocateurs of diseases participates in the research of new forms of manifestation, amelioration of the pathology. Further studies are needed in order to clearly elucidate the role of the γ -glutamyl cycle components and its future perspective.