Introduction. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of replication-competent HVB DNA in the liver, in the presence or absence of HVB DNA in the blood of HBsAg-negative individuals. Material and methods. Estimation of the importance of immunoserological markers characteristic of OBI in children and their role for practical medicine based on 6890 bibliographic sources Wiley Online Library, of which 12 were selected with reference to pediatric patients. Results. The prevalence of OBI in children due to mothertochild transmission despite maternal anti-HBV immunoprophylaxis remains controversial and is still little known. In Egyptian children, OBI was determined in 31% of HCV- positive cancer patients. The detection of OBI requires the use of tests of the highest sensitivity and specificity, with a lower detection limit for HBV DNA <5-10 IU/ mL, and for HBsAg - <0.1 ng/mL. The presence of elevated transaminases in children with HBsAg (-) should prompt their evaluation for occult viral hepatitis B. In patients detected with summary anti-HBcor and anti-HBs (+) at levels <100 mIU/ ml, testing is required quantitative HBV DNA. If a liver biopsy is possible, HBVcccDNA testing in the sampled tissue is required. Conclusion. The global prevalence of OBI varies significantly in different populations depending on the factors of increased risk for infection, the epidemiological situation in the region. Existing epidemiological data indicate the need to identify the pediatric population at increased risk for OBI, with the aim of determining appropriate preventive and management strategies.