Hypertension is one of the most spread cardiological diseases, due to recent biotechnological tools it is discovered that arterial hypertension is a polygenic disease. Another possible explanation might be the variety of the studied populations. The current results of genetic analyses of essential hypertension highlight the need for a more differentiated approach to the understanding of complex, polygenetic traits that implements gene-gene- and gene-environment interactions or differentiated functional testing of thoroughly phenotyped cohorts under standardised environmental conditions. The advancement of molecular genetics now permits the establishment of a connection between high blood pressure and certain traits. The aim of this work is to analyse how genetic testing for primary prophylaxis of arterial hypertension can be applied.