This article consistently addresses issues related to medical examinations of athletes, sports terminology, first of all, such as "untrained person". Emphasizes, that the trained or untrained can only athletes in different periods of the training process. In the examples, the absurdity of comparing the functional state of the runners on the distance of 800 meters with the sports aerobics, sports gymnastics with the sports game, etc., recommendations aimed at the correct comparison of the studied parameters among representatives of different kinds of sports. The author gives examples, in accordance with which is not quite right to divide the athletes at the "achievers" and "not achievers" in the sport only because of their performance in the competition, without taking into account the dynamics of a sports result. Separately presented a vision of the author on appropriateness and features of research at the former athletes, who stopped his career and lead different lifestyles in terms of physical activity.