The subject of investigation of the relation between literature and folklore justifies its actuality in the sense that the phenomenon of folklorism was renamed contemporary, gaining extensive significance, and was not the object of systematic research. It should be treated from the synthetic perspective of the national and popular specific of literature, the typology of the characters and the attitude of the writers towards the spirituality of folkloric origin. In this approach, the author aims to identify and analyze the nature and aspects of manifestation of folklorism in the Bessarabian literature during the 1960s-1980s of the 20th century, compared to the previous periods, revealing the specific features and suggesting the investigation directions of the field, following the perspective of discerning new artistic values by reference to the general literary process and the historical-political and cultural context.