Introducere. Sindromul plantei diabetice (SPD) este o complicație diabetului zaharat (DZ). Depistarea precoce factorilor de risc poate ȋmpiedica aparența complicațiilor SPD. Scopul lucrării. Determinarea factorilor de risc la pacienți cu DZ, care duc la complicații SPD. Material şi metode. A fostefectuat un studiu ȋn care au participat 50 pacienți cu DZ care deja au avut complicații SPD şi ca urmare amputarea falangelor plantei. Pacienții au fost repartizați ȋn grupe, conform sexului, vȋrstei, indexului corporal, prezenței deprinderilor nocivi (fumatul), retinopatiei (scăderea vederii), duratei maladiei principale, tipului SPD: neuropatic (prezența neuropatiei senzorie (NS)), ischemic (prezența macroangiopatiei (MAP)), mixt (NS+ MAP), prezența traumelor acute şi cronice (traume antecedente şi purtarea ȋncălțămintei incomode). Rezultate. Sexul masculin – 72%, vȋrsta 48-78 ani (vȋrsta medie 62 ani), obezi – 70%, fumătorii – 18%, pacienți cu retinopatie – 78%, DZ mai mult de 10 ani – 74%, NS – 40%, MAP – 34%, NS+MAP – 26%, traume antecedente – 24%, purtătorii ȋncălțămintei incomode – 20%. Concluzii. (1) Complicațiile SPD mai frecvent survin la pacienți de sexul masculin, obezi, care sunt bolnavi cu DZ mai mult de 10 ani. (2) Retinopatie diabetică se dezvoltă la 78% de pacienți. (3) Tipul SPD cel mai rapȋndit este neuropatic (40%), mai rar ischemic (34%), mixt (26%).

Introduction. The syndrome of diabetic foot (SDF) is the complication of diabetes. Detection on time of the risk factors gives the posibility to prevent appearance of SDF complications. Objective of the study. The determination of risk factors in patients with diabetes which leads to SDF complications. Material and methods. The reseach was carried out on 50 patients with diabetes, who have already had complications and subsequently amputated phalanges on the leg. The patients were assigned to groups according to sex, age, body mass index, the presence of bad habits – the smoking, retinopathy (the disturbance of visual acuity), the duration of underlying disease, the type of SDF: neuropathic (the presence of sensory neuropathy(SN)), ischemic (the presence of macroangiopathy (MAP), mixed (SN+ MAP), the prezence of acute and cronic trauma (preceding trauma and wearing uncomfortable shoes). Results. Males – 72%, the age 48-78 (the average age - 62), fat patients – 70%, smokers – 18%, the patients with retinopathy – 78%, the diabetes more than 10 years – 74%, SN – 40%, MAP – 34%, SN+MAP – 24%, preceding trauma – 24%, wearing uncomfortable shoes – 20%. Conclusions. (1) The complications of SDF more frequently occur in male, obese patients with diabetes more than 10 years. (2) Diabetic retinopathy occurs in 78% of patients. (3) The type of SDF more frequently is neuropathic (40%), more rarely ischemic (34%), mixed (26%).