The Dniester is a transboundary river running through the territory of two countries, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, where lots of agricultural, industrial and domestic activities take place within the river catchment, and then flowing into the Black Sea. Intensive use of the Dniester as a valuable resource results at unintentional and sometimes even intentional environmental pollution within its basin with consequences lasting far beyond. Alongside with spontaneous microbiological (e.g. malfunctioning of municipal wastewater treatment) and chemical (e.g. toxic substances, heavy metals) pollution, mainly associated with point sources, the regular nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) pollution coming from nearly all diffusion and point sources and increasing in time due to constant intensification of anthropogenic activities poses the major and rather complicated issue for many river catchments.