The collapse of the USSR and the establishment of 15 new independent states on its territory generated a new geopolitical and geostrategic situation for Russia. Russia was ”pushed to the bottom of Eurasia”, perceived as something inadmissible for the country that played a major role in the international politics as well as in Europe throughout the centuries. At the same time, pretending to be perceived as a great power, Russia aspires to regain the former status of the Super Power. To reach its goals, Russia has used in its relations with the former Soviet Republics different pressure of political, economic and military nature. Therefore, the article examines the geopolitical and geostrategic interests of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Moldova, including the Transnistrian zone.