The problems discussed in this article are the efficiency of tobacco growing in Moldova and the evaluation of the importance of tobacco culture for its economy. The research method was an experiment that involved two farms that grew150 ha of tobacco applying the technology developed and recommended by the Institute. The obtained results demonstrated that the increase of the tobacco economic efficiency can be conditioned by an increased productivity of tobacco plants, improved use of means of production, labor productivity and quantity of high quality tobacco, thus production is intensified the higher the final revenue is. According to the development indexes the growth of tobacco decreased substantially. Thus, the area under tobacco decreased in 2011 compared to 2005 by 60.5% (absolute value of 2.086 thousand hectares) whereas the yield per hectare remained stable - 1.53 t / ha in both years. The same scenario was observer on the farms where tobacco cultivation was conducted according to technical sheet. On the Festelita farm in 2011 tobacco was grown on a 100 ha. In 2009-2011 the average yield was 2.25 - 2.3 t / ha. The quality of the raw material constituted 89% on average being sold for 21000i lei per ton. The producers obtained 40 000 lei per hectare in revenue. Only by observing: crop rotation, planting periods of local varieties (Burley 320, Jubilee M, Moldavschii 456, Virginia 263, Virginia 401, etc..), fertilization, application of optimal doses of pesticides, introduction of mechanization in the harvesting process, application of the curing method, labor rules it will be possible to increase the profits from tobacco and what is more strengthen and modernize agriculture.