The paper provides theoretical, institutional and legislative analyzes, but also emphasizes the practical dimension of issues related to EU instruments within the Eastern Neighborhood Policies applied in the Republic of Moldova, including the cross-border cooperation and the implementation of various programs and partnership projects with the participation of civil society, etc. This study focuses on literature analysis, on research conducted during the application period of the EU Eastern neighborhood instruments, as well, it is based on the ENACTED Focus Group Research: Testing the efficiency of EU’s Neighborhood Instruments, developed by authors, participating experts from the Republic of Moldova. The paper outlines the situation in the area and presents some conclusions and recommendations that may contribute to the increase of efficiency of EU Eastern neighborhood instruments.