A contemporary museum offers a broad and flexible framework for education. Many cultural and scientific events held by a museum institution serve, in fact, the goals of education. Over time, the educational role of a museum has been amplified, and today museums are experiencing essential changes in terms of the educational offer. The museum audience has also changed, new categories of visitors have appeared, but pupils and students remain the main consumers of non-formal educational services. Non-formal education in a museum is an integral, completing part of formal education, and the consolidation of knowledge of history leads to the formation of a correct, careful attitude to cultural and historical values, to respect for national identity, and ultimately forms a museum culture. Non-formal education in a museum has specific features that distinguish it from the formal one, museum educational projects are open to interdisciplinarity and continuing education, and the flexibility of the organization methodology and non-formalized assessment give it a special status. This article comprises reflections on history and a history museum, on the study of history in the museum, on the necessity and specifics of museum education, on non-formal education, on the transformation of museum collections into a didactic resource, on the need to improve the museum culture of teachers and students. The new interpretation examines the relationship between history, a history museum and the role, the necessity of museum education in modern society.