The population in rural areas is mostly concentrated in agriculture as employees, employers, self-employed, unpaid family workers, etc. The study aims to present some indicators on labour resources in agriculture in relation to demographic and social indicators of Romania and Moldova. In order to highlight the trends of labour resources in agriculture, the indicators on rural population, total employed population, population working in agriculture, labour force structure, employment, investments in agriculture, household income, etc. are evaluated. The research methods are based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data, as well as analysis of phenomena characterizing the activity in agriculture. The results show that the population employed in agriculture in Romania, in the period 2014-2022, decreased on average by 12.2%/year, while in Moldova, for the same reference period, the population employed in agriculture decreased on average by 1.8%/year. In Romania, one person employed in agriculture produces agricultural goods and services for 12.5 inhabitants, and in Moldova one person employed in agriculture produces agricultural goods and services for 14.4 inhabitants.