Using the experience of previous studies and applying it to the evolving realities, in this article is maintained and developed the idea of long-term economic growth in the Republic of Moldova in relation to the issue of national competitiveness. Aggregate results of the research, reflecting a new approach for the Republic of Moldova to the problem of long-term economic growth, is the conceptual justification of need and opportunity to build a knowledge-based competitive economy of the Republic of Moldova that produces real economic growth, instead of the flawed agrarian economy, which we have now.