Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and healthcare load worldwide [1]. In the Republic of Moldova in 2017, with disease code J 44, 138.9 cases of COPD per 10,000 adult population were registered [2]. Understanding the current state of drug therapy and the role of pharmaceutical care is critical for the management of COPD. Aim of the study. Assessment of risk factors, clinical signs, as well as of pharmaceutical assistance of COPD. Material and methods. A selection and analysis of bibliographic sources from the PubMed database and from specialized journals regarding the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology and pharmaceutical assistance of COPD was carried out. Results. In the etiopathogenesis of COPD, there are many exogenous and endogenous risk factors, such as viral and bacterial respiratory infection, imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system, pollutants and toxic substances, genetic factors and others that reduce the tolerance of the bronchial mucosa to the pathogenic influence of the environment. Based on the results of clinical studies conducted by several researchers, it was found that the most frequently recorded symptoms in COPD patients are: fatigue (31%), edema of the lower limbs (23%), chest constriction (22%), weight loss (16%), low-grade fever (8%) and other low-rate symptoms such as anxiety and cyanosis, etc. The groups of basic preparations used in hospitalized COPD patients are: bronchodilators, hormonal preparations and antibacterial drugs. A study was conducted by pharmacists that included 49 patients admitted to hospital due to COPD exacerbation. Quality of life and treatment compliance 30 days after hospital discharge were assessed. The rate of compliance to therapy was only 67%. Lack of systematic treatment is the main risk factor for COPD exacerbations and increased hospitalization rate. Conclusions. Recent data have found that pharmacists and pharmaceutical care services have a positive impact on therapy outcomes by including them in the COPD treatment and management team contributing to increased treatment compliance and improved treatment outcomes and effectiveness.