Trace elements, besides their importance for metabolic and physiological processes in living organisms, are widely used in industry and agriculture. High costs of conventional treatment systems and large amounts of wastewater that sometimes exceed the capacities of the wastewater treatment plants result in the discharge of inadequately treated effluent in natural water bodies. In this regard, the removal of trace elements from effluents prior to their discharge is essential from an environmental health, management, and economics point of view. Biosorption is an alternative technique to conventional processes that can be applied to remove trace elements from different types of wastewater. This chapter evaluates the performance of the sorbents of biological origin to remove trace elements from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents. The influence of experimental parameters: pH, temperature, initial metal concentration, sorbent dosage, effect of co-ions, and possible mechanism of metal biosorption are discussed.