Due to widespread industrial use, high solubility and migration capacity heavy metals in several oxidation states (chromium, uranium) are considered as serious pollutants of the environment. The main source of metal pollution is industry: galvanic plants, tailing mills and energy stations with coal and peat burning technologies. Nowadays, it is a great need to develop new environmentally friendly methods of metals removal from ecosystems. Biosorption is the most promising technology involved in the removal of toxic metals from industrial waste streams and natural waters. Biological methods of environment remediation outstand with high effectiveness, low cost of the sorbent materials and prevention of secondary environment pollution. The present review revealed hexavalent chromium and uranium biosorption using different types of microorganisms: bacteria, microalgae and fungi, as well as adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich) used in the evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of the biomaterials.