Th e article focuses on the role of the family as social institution in the Soviet educational system as a whole and in the former Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in particular. In the fi rst 3 decades or so aft er the October Revolution of 1917, basically under Lenin and Stalin, the offi cial perception of the Soviet ideology viewed family as a threat to building a new Communist society and a New Man. Since the mid 1950s however, the regime decided to revise a lot of its canonical views not only regarding repressions, but also in regard to the relation between the family and the regime. If previously family has been seen as an actor that could hinder and annihilate the policy of the Soviet authorities to create a New Man, aft er Stalin’s death the family as social institution is invited to have its own role in the process. As one can illustrate via the case study on Moldavian SSR, this happened however in parallel with the attempt to establish a tighter control on the parents and even to embark on reeducation program of the older generation in a way that would contribute to the easier integration of the young generation in the Soviet political model.