The geographical distribution and intensity of soil erosion in Moldova are discussed, the annual increment of eroded soils area equals 1%; regions with the highest erosion activity are revealed. Emphasis is put on the environmental consequences of erosion, such as radionuclide’s migration, in particular. The problem consists in erosional removal of polluted soils and origination of new areas with elevated radionuclides concentrations in sites where eroded or defl ated material was accumulated. Problems related to the soil loss tolerance are discussed; attention is paid to the economic aspect of this problem. New methods of soil erosion investigations comprise a very promising “cesium” method for evaluating the annual rate of soil erosion, laboratory methods and mathematical modeling. More advanced is the hydromechanical model of soil rain erosion; an attempt to classify wind erosion models is presented. Future researches in the fi eld of soil conservation are supposed to be related to soil-erosion monitoring and ecological farming.