In the current context marked by the uncertainty and rapid transformations of the world economy, international economic relations are caused by processes of integration and globalisation, the unprecedented growth of the interdependence of national economies. The contradictory evolution of economic integration process, of the internationalization of the global financial space, the multinational economic connections between industry, banks and capital, can cause socio-spatial tensions and alter the geometry of power in the world economy. Changes also occur in determining food security. The basic, distinct components whose effect ensures food security conceptually, remain today in the forefront of the attention of specialists and experts; however, at the present stage, the significance of some problems is increasing and the demands of these fundamental components are changing. In the immediate connection to the classic compartments of food security, environmental, energy, demographic components are being essential. The phenomenon of global warming of the atmosphere is emphasised. In addition, the production of energy bio-resources is growing significantly, the emigration to the continental scale is intensifying, forced by the military operations; and the protection of health and social insurance remain inefficient, the external debts of the poor countries are becoming suffocating. The global context in which dozens of poor countries are fighting for the eradication of poverty and hunger has also changed. World competition for raw materials and retail markets has become more aggressive and unrelenting. Hence the notion of food security has become multidimensional, more complex fact that is reflected in multiple concepts, definitions, specifications, strategies. According to the evaluations by monitoring specialists from USA, FAO and WB carried out in the past several years, food insecurity problems exist in 86 countries. The causes being: military and civil conflicts, refugees, unfavourable climatic situations (floods, drought, landslides, the use of outdated agricultural technologies, decreased sources of drinking water and irrigation. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the fluidity and complication of the security environment, including the food environment, in which natural, economic and scientific possibilities for solving hunger and poverty, accompanied by risks, dangers, interstate threats, natural disasters coexist and amplify in the lives of people all over the Earth. At the same time, the author is attempting to demonstrate that food security remains one of the most important companions of the internal economic security for each state, and there is enough reserve on a global scale to ensure that food cease to be one of the main goals of the world economy. In this context, the article analyses the realisation of the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1). At present, poverty and chronic underfunding touches hundreds of millions of people, which attests to the necessity for the studies of the problem on the global scale and at the level of countries that are vulnerable in this area.