Introduction. The first permanent molar, also named ’’the six-year molar’’, is well-known for its importance in the oral cavity because it is key factor in occlusion. It bears the maximum occlusal load, it maintains arch perimeter, has maximum surface area, provides best anchorage and it is most commonly decayed.   Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the dental status of six-year molars at children aged 8 to 11 years.   Materials and methods. An analytical study was conducted on 54 children aged between 8 to 11 years old from a primary school in Ludus, Mures county, Romania. We performed the clinical examination and completed a dental research chart. The participation in the study was voluntary and based on parenal informed consent. For the clinical examination, we used disposable gloves and sterile, single-use dental instruments. After the examination, questionnaires were applied to each participant.   Results. Of the children participating in our study, 46% were 10 years old and 56% were girls. 48% of the permanent molars were clear and complete, 21% were decayed, 14% were filled, 8% were sealed, 7% were radicular rests, and only 1% were missing. Regarding oral hygiene, the answers from the questionnaire revealed that 61% of the children brushed their teeth every day, 44% once and twice a day, 74% in the morning. 83% visit the dentist only if needed and 43% did not remember when the last dental visit was.   Conclusions. The dental status of six-year molars is closely correlated with oral hygiene and dental check-ups. Having the first permanent molars sealed and treated in time is necessary, especially at young age.