Land resources monitoring is currently receiving special attention. The need to double world cereal production by 2030 is called into question due to declining arable land per capita, declining drinking water and irrigation, increasing the risk of soil degradation and environmental pollution, reducing the efficiency of agricultural land use due to projected climate change. The soil, as a means of agricultural production, has specific features that make it different from other means of production. It cannot be multiplied. Agricultural practice has shown that the production capacity of the soil increases with the use of modern agricultural technologies (machines and tools, fertilizers), carrying out the necessary land improvement works, preventing and combating erosion, ensuring a positive or balanced balance of organic matter in the arable layer. of its arable. As a result of the fragmentation of the agricultural land, the change in the system of subsidies and access to markets, the decrease of agricultural land productivity, associated with soil degradation, lack of irrigation infrastructure, etc., in the Republic of Moldova there was a significant decline in production volume. farm. The Republic of Moldova is an extremely vulnerable country to climate change. Currently, the aridity of the climate is increasing, droughts have intensified. In this context, the rational use of water reserves, accumulated in the soil from precipitation, the placement of irrigation among the primary loads, especially for the southern area, where the humidity coefficient is 0.5-0.6, and droughts are repeated every three years, it becomes a state task of first necessity. The scientific assurance of the works of protection, improvement and sustainable use of the land resources is indispensable, for the accomplishment of the land improvement measures that obligatorily foresee also the rational use of the ground water.