The local flora of Moldova represents a wide range of essential oil plants synthesizing biologically active compounds. The main purpose of our research was identification of promising forms for breeding and use in medicine and pharmacology. In the course of investigation of genus Mentha we have analyzed the essential oil of some wildly growing ecotypes of M. arvensis L., M.x piperita L., M. longifolia (L.) Huds., M. spicata L. In medicine, it is mainly used M. piperita L. as a source of menthol. But among the wild mints, a significant diversity was revealed both in the component composition of the essential oil and in their quantitative ratio. Within the limits of each species, several chemorases were found, which differ in the composition of the essential oil. The first group of chemorases synthesizes the terpenoid of the mentol group and accumulates it up to 25 - 75%. The amount of essential oil varies from 0,3% up to 3,5%. The second group accumulates 0,8-3,0% of essential oil with carvon as the main component and its quantity varies from 35% up to 75%. Menthol and carvon are well known as valuable medicines. The third group of chemoraces has an unusual smell and the essential oils showed a distinct chemical composition. The main components of this oils are non-ciclic terpenoides sach as citral, linalool, geraniol, citrinellol and others in different percentage. The chemotypes with flower-like or fruit-like scent are of interest and may be used in pharmacology, parfumary and as a culinary herb. The attraction of wild species to inter-species crosses makes it possible to obtain hybrids with a diverse chemical composition of essential oil for various branches of the economy – food, medicine, cosmetics etc.