In 1620, Francis Bacon published a scientific manifesto, entitled "NOVUM ORGANICUM", in which he argued that "science is power", and the true test of science is utility. Over the centuries, science has given us many new tools, but the most important are technological tools. It was a revolutionary idea the connection between science and technology made by Bacon at the beginning of the twelfth century. Making a bridge over the centuries – from the beginning of the 17-th century and until now, that is for over 400 years, not only the scientists, but also the human society as a whole, have been convinced of the indisputable support of biology in the solving of the most difficult problems of the agriculture. One of the permanent problems of humanity that has worsened alarmingly in recent decades due to increasingly frequent and severe climatic cataclysms, the reduction of genetic agrobiodiversity and the vertiginous growth of the population on Earth, is food security that must be addressed not only from the perspective of quantitative assurance with the necessary products, but also of their good quality. Under the influence of the environmental stressors, the agricultural plants become weakened, susceptible to a wide range of phytopathogens that pollute the entire host plant with toxins, including grains, seeds, fruits used for food. In the intended context, one of the tasks of plant biology is the development of reliable strategies for the management of the gene pools of agricultural crops, new concepts about the patho-physiological mechanisms of the interaction of plants with pathogens and the physiological-genetic mechanisms of the phenomena of resilience, resistance to diseases, phenotypic manifestation of the characters of productivity and quality in crop plants – desiderata that would create broad opportunities for the development of efficient technologies for the creation of new genotypes with high biological potential and that would withstand environmental challenges.