The article presents the characteristic of the systematic composition and diversity of skeletal remains of mammals in the third level of human habitation of the Paleolithic site in the cave of Brânzeni I, Edinet district. The archaeological and paleontological remains discovered here are attributed to a new archaeological culture for Europe – Brânzeni. The inhabitants of this site hunted horses, reindeer, bison, deer, rhino, mammoth, hares, marmot and other mammals, that met in thesite area and were the main source of food for tribal members. The bones of small animal species (insectivores, rodents etc.) discovered in the inhabiting level of the Palaeolithic site originated from the decomposition of predatory bird pellets and of the feces of carnivores living in the cave while it was temporarily abandoned by the Paleolithic hunters. The archaeological and paleontological materials presented in this information are of interest for the knowledge of the peculiarities of geological history, fauna of paleogeography and the human society of the given area, have instructive, cognitive and ecotouristic value.