Food security is one of the most important global consequences of climate change. Sustainable use and management of natural resources have therefore become major challenges in agricultural production under progressively increasing global temperature. Wheat, which provides about 20% of protein and 20% of calories consumed per capita, is expected to largely influence by changing. Development of improved new wheat varieties and better management options have the potential to compensate some of the yield loses due to climate change. On the other hand, perennial grain crops which are now drawing the attention provide more options under diverse and generally marginal condition for the future. Major challenges in perennial wheat researches are poor longevity and limited grain yield due to infertility. On the other hand, previous researches stated that perennial crops have many advantages due to reduced fertilizer and tillage use and generally no irrigation need. Although many researches refer the advantages of perennial crops in terms of sustainable use of the resources, limited comparative findings have been reported on resource and agricultural inputs use efficiency of these plants. The objective of this study is to examine the present findings about potential of perennial grain production for sustainable use of soil resources.