Errors in machine translation vs human translation
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81'243 (149)
Linguistics and languages (5175)
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IURIEV, Anastasia. Errors in machine translation vs human translation. In: Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: : Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-26 aprilie 2018, Chişinău. Chişinău: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al USM, 2018, SU, pp. 53-55.
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Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti:
SU, 2018
Conferința "Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-27 aprilie 2018: "
Chişinău, Moldova, 25-26 aprilie 2018

Errors in machine translation vs human translation

CZU: 81'243

Pag. 53-55

Iuriev Anastasia
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 26 august 2019


Rezumat

One could not deny the fact that translation is a tremendous work. Before we start working upon types of error in Machine Translation (MT), we must understand the differences between the notions of “error” and “mistake” in translation and pay attention to the fact that they appear not only in MT, but also in Human Translation (HT). In HT both mistakes and errors are possible when a person or a translator renders the text not into his or her native language, because in some cases s/he is not able to find the right equivalents, has a wrong understanding of the ST or uses not reliable sources for translation. Generally, mistakes are made because of inattention, but they do not influence the understanding of the TT, but the quality becomes lower. Consequently, a professional does not make errors or mistakes, but in MT, like Google Translate (GT), they are very common. A translation error arises from the existence of a relationship between ST and TT. They occur because something has gone wrong during the transfer and movement from the ST to the TT. They can be caused by misunderstandings of the translation brief or of the content of the original text, where its meaning it is not rendered accurately, by factual mistakes, terminological or stylistic flaws, and by different kinds of interferences between two texts. In functionalistic approaches and those based on the skopos theory, an error is defined as relative to the fulfilment of the TT function and the receiver‟s expectation. Depending on the theoretical orientation, the evaluator‟s expectations and attitudes differ if speaking about fidelity, loyalty, equivalence, norms and acceptability, with respect to all changes of meaning, addition or omission of information [1, p.38]. It does no direct relationship between quantity and gravity of errors, because some communicative situations may create fun, for example in brochures or jokes, but in translation of legal or business documents, such errors are unacceptable. Translating errors using electronic tools, for example in GT appear very often. They are on the text-linguistic level: wrong segmentation,inappropriate terminology, lack of coherence and cohesion. On the semantic level, it is a problem to translate terms, because they can be either too general or too specific, and everything depends on the context. Mistakes in translation are such kind of failures that do not destroy the whole meaning of the TT. These are related to grammatical mistakes, accuracy and sometimes punctuation. For example, a native speaker of Romanian if sees a grammatical mistake or a misspelling, will anyway understand the sentence and the whole meaning without any difficulties. This is because we are accustomed to such speaking and because these nuances do not really affect the translation and it is not an obstacle in understanding the document. Literary translation deals with all literary texts, like fiction or poetry, whose main task is to create an image, an aesthetic and emotional impact upon the readership. The most important idea a translator of literary texts should remember is to render the artistic quality of the ST. Because it is a form-focused text, it should not be translated word-for-word, but in a more creative way, to make people feel everything they read. It is very hard to translate a literary text that is why a professional does it. This type of translation differs from other translations because it reflects the imaginative, intellectual and intuitive writing of the author. Nevertheless, literature is distinguished by its aesthetics. Little concern has been devoted to the aesthetics of literary translations because these translations are popularly perceived as unoriginal. Belhaag summarizes the characteristics of literary translations: expressive, connotative, symbolic, focusing on both form, content, subjective, allowing multiple interpretations, timeless, and universal, using special devices to „heighten‟ communicative effect and tendency to deviate from the language norms [2, p.74]. Official documents are content-focused texts and must be translated in full, because the most important thing is their content. Such kinds of texts are as follows: correspondence letters, official journals, enquiries, offers, claims (complaints) and contracts (agreements). That is why they have a standard structure and with some officially accepted form which cannot be changed and are the same for everybody.The official business language differs from other types of English language, because of its specific character of functional usage. We can find archaic words only here. Addressing documents, official letters, how to sign them, expressing the reasons and the subject have asserted syntactical and lexical rules. Official texts contain four sub-styles: diplomacy, military documents, legal documents, legislations, business documents. Therefore, using a dictionary in order to perform a translation is a good chance to learn better a language, because good paper dictionaries show word-combinations and use all the existed meanings, in this way we broaden our mind.