Introduction In the spontaneous fl ora of the Earth, the genus Rosa comprises about 300-500 species distributed exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. As regards the fl ora of the Republic of Moldova, there are 30 species recorded (Geideman, 1986), out of which 16 species are listed in the spontaneous fl ora (Negru, 2007), and which are most commonly spread at the edge of the forest, in meadows, on open steppe slopes, or limestone ones. Material and methods In the research of the genus Rosa L., we have used as materials both the collections of the Herbarium of Botanical Garden (Institute) of ASM, and the one of the Ecology, Botany and Forestry Chair of Moldova State University, as well as our own recently acquired plant collection. The critical analysis of Rosa species has been performed by the classical comparative-morphological method (Коровина, 1996). We have used a number of fundamental reference sources on determination, nomenclature, and bioecology of taxa (Sanda et al., 1983; Цвелев, 2001; Хржановский, 1958; Черепанов, 1995). Results and discussions Following the fi eld expeditions conducted in Ciumai Reserve and in the northeastern part of the country, on the limestone slopes of the Dniester River, there has been identifi ed a new species of Rosa of the fl ora of the Republic of Moldova. R. turcica Rouy, 1896, Pl. Europ. 6:45; 35; Klastersky, 1999, Fl. Europ. 2: 32. – R.horrida Bieb. Ex Crep. 1872, Bull. Soc. Bot.Belg.11:86, non Spreng. 1825; Юз. 1941,Фл СССР,10: 498; Хржан. 1958, Розы: 279. И. Бузунова 2001,Фл. восточ. евр. 10 : 353. Up to 0.5-0.7 m. Prickles abundant, stout, curved, mixed with numerous setae and stalked glands. Leafl ets 5-7, 8-12 + 5-7 mm, broadly ovate to suborbicular, compound-serrate usually glabrous and sparsely glandular above, densely glandular and glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath. Pedicels 5-6 mm, often stipitateglandular. Solitary fl owers, rarely by 2. Sepals glandular on the back, defl exed and deciduous after anthesis. Petals 15-20 mm, white. Styles glabrous or somewhat villous. Fruit 8-10 mm, subglobose, usually sparsely stipitate-glandular, red. It blossoms is June-July. Heliophilic and thermophilic species, it grows on dry, neutral soils. Rosa turcica is a Pontic-Balkan species spread especially in South-Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Crimea, and Caucasus. A rare species of the fl ora of Bessarabia, encountered on sunny limestone slopes and rocks. Conclusions Rosa turcica is a species whose distribution area is at risk, exhibiting high vulnerability to anthropogenic factors; further research and fi eld assessment are required to establish the degree of rarity.