At present, soybean is in a great demand as a legume. In view of that, its cultivated areas are growing in Ukraine and all over the world. To improve its productivity, advance the crop quality and reduce doses of nitrogen fertilizers, bioformulations based on nodule nitrogenfixing bacteria are applied. No less important role in crop yields increasing and soil fertility stabilizing plays the conservation of microbiota biodiversity in plant rhizosphere. The complex bioformulation Ecovital based on 3 strains of soybean nodule bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum UCM B-6018, UCM B-6023, UCM B-6035) and phosphate-mobilizing bacilli (Bacillus megaterium UCM B-5724) has been developed at the D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine To study the effect of complex inoculation on the rhizosphere microbiocenosis of the Annushka cultivar soybean the soil total microbial DNA of the root zone was analyzed by using the high-performance pyrosequencing method. Before sowing the seeds were inoculated with the complex microbial preparation Ecovital, and in the control variant they were treated with the sterile water. In the soybean rhizosphere microbiome, 12 phylums of bacteria were identified: Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and WPS-2. The dominant were the phylums of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. Their relative quota in the microbiome increased (except for phylum Actinobacteria) in the variant with using the complex inoculum. The bacteria capable of active roots colonization and joining a phytopartner in symbiotic relationship play an important role in legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Rhizobia and PGPB (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) are often found among the representatives of Rhizobiales and Bacillales orders belong to these bacteria. In the soybean rhizosphere microbiome, we have found 6 families of the Rhizobiales order. The representation of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Methylobacteriaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae families was increased in the rhizosphere soybean microbiome in a variant with the inoculant. Bacteria of the Xanthobacteraceae family were detected in the variant with Ecovital only. The uncultivated forms of the Bosea genus of the Bradyrhizobiaceae family were identified in the same variant. Five families were detected from the Bacilli class of Bacillales order. The Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae and Planococcaceae families were dominant. The representation of bacteria of the Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae families increased in the variant with Ecovital. The relative quota of representatives of the Planococcaceae family decreased from 1.3% in the control variant to 0.9% in the variant with Ecovital. The Sporolactobacillaceae and Thermoactinomycetaceae families were detected only in the variant with bacterization. Inoculation of soybean seeds with Ecovital promoted the increase of plant productivity from 17.6 c/ha in the control variant to 19.4 c/ha in the variant with the bioformulation. Thus, inoculation of soybean seeds with the complex microbial formulation Ecovital contributed biodiversity growth of the Alfaproteobacteria class of the Rhizobiales order and the Bacilli class of the Bacillales order representatives in the rhizosphere microbiome, as well as, plant productivity increase.