Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a form of non-immune diabetes. Significant symptoms of neonatal diabetes include hyperglycemia, intrauterine growth retardation, dehydration, and rarely ketoacidosis. There are two types of neonatal diabetes mellitus – transient and permanent. Hyperglycemia is significantly severe and is accompanied by low or undetectable levels of insulin and C-peptide. Because the clinical picture is similar to sepsis, the diagnosis of neonatal diabetes is difficult. Hyperglycemia in neonatal diabetes is typical of diabetes, attendat by polyuria and polydipsia. Hyperglycemia can also progress to ketoacidosis, more often in the case of permanent neonatal diabetes than in transient neonatal diabetes