The fundamental right to education in the Republic of Moldova has a high importance in the context of reforming the economic and political system, modernization of all spheres of social life. In order to meet the challenges facing our country, there is a need of new approaches regarding the content of the fundamental right to education and the level of training and investment in the "human capital". They will contribute to the development of innovative processes in Moldova. The legal relationship deriving from the realization of the fundamental right to education is based on the principle of equality of participants in the educational process, autonomy of will, legitimate interests of parents, guardians, state and patrimonial independence of subjects providing educational services. Following these steps, this legal relationship expresses the humanistic nature of the fundamental non-material right to education. For this reason, the legal relationship arising from the realization of the fundamental right to education expresses the need to observe the main rights and freedoms, the common values of humanity and the unity of the general space of culture and education.