Losses of genetic resources has resulted in major concerns about future food and nutrition security and the valuable gene pool is being lost day-by-day due to various threats such as narrow genetic base due to directional selection, deforestation, industrialization, biotic or abiotic stresses, climate change etc. In this context, it is essential to safeguard the PGR from these threats. A complimentary application of in situ and ex situ conservation is recommended for effective preservation of PGR. Seed storage in gene bank is one of the most widespread and valuable ex situ approaches to conservation. Cur-rently more than one million seed samples are conserved by many national and interna-tional research institutes and genebanks. With the further development of scientific and technical possibilities, the need for various plant genetic resources will increase. Advances in biotechnology have offered a new methods to effectively utilize genetic resources. In the context of biosecurity, it is about Gene technology. The rapid progress of transgenic biotechnology has promoted the creation and production of genetically modified crops, that can generate great benefits for solving problems related to food security, but it has also aroused considerable biosafety concerns worldwide. The potential ecological or environmental risk risks associated with the possible transgene escape from a GM crop to its non-GM crop counterparts and landrace, wild/ weedy relatives via gene flow are the most discussed biosafety issue internationally. Gene flow from genetically modified crops to conventional crops could occur through dispersal of pollen or seeds, or vegetative parts capable of clonal propagation. This process can conduct to the loss of valuable genes associated with local adaptation, stress tolerance, yield stability etc. Genebanks should take proactive steps to limit the risk of transgene, in their ex situ collections. There are a number of reasons why it is important to detect the presence of a gene/transgene in a genebank accession and these include: regulatory issues, especially related to phytosanitary or biosafety, where the country of import, and potentially the country of export, requires reporting on the presence of such genes; situations in which the presence of such a gene/transgene could affect intellectual property rights either in the country where the genebank is located or in a country where the accession is to be sent; and social issues necessitating that genetic identity be stated or that certain genes/transgenes should be limited. Transgene detection in seed banks is generally only important for those crops that are known to have suffered transgenic events, and where transgenic varieties were used in the area of collection or donation. The persistence of transgenes in environment will make effective in situ conservation of wild genetic resources more difficult. The assurance of an efficient biosecurity system, in line with international requirements, needs a continuous development of institutional capacities for preventing adverse risks on sustainable development of biological resources and human health.