In this article there are analyzed the aspects regarding the impact of introducing the communist regime in Bessarabia after the Soviet destruction act on June, 1940. As a starting point there is presented a background, mostly statistical, which evaluates the intellectuality from the province before the Soviet occupation. We stress the idea according to which a part of the intellectuals were saved during the refuge and repatriation in Romania after the 28th of June 1940. Relevant documents reveal the repressive actions of the Soviet authorities against the population, especially against the intellectuals: ex-clerks, lawyers, teachers, writers, priests. Under these circumstances of great interest are the cases of repression against the main representatives of the Bessarabian intellectuality. At the same time, the study reveals the attitude of the intellectuals with a left-thinking, sympathizers of the regime, collaborationists. Most of them belonged to the ethnic minorities, some of them having been underground communists in the interwar period.