Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vasoproliferative condition of the retina that develops in premature or low birth weight newborns. The disease can manifest itself mildly or it may progress to retinal detachment and blindness. As the survival rate of premature newborns increases, so does the incidence of ROP. ROP has become a current problem for perinatologists and ophthalmologists in the prevention of blindness, given the breakthroughs made in the field of contemporary neonatology. According to the WHO, childhood blindness has a significant emotional, social and economic impact, especially when many causes of blindness, including ROP, can be prevented or treated. The screening and diagnosis of ROP was initiated in 2005 as part of a project under the auspices of the WHO - "Elimination of avoidable blindness in children" with the financial support of LIONS CLUB. The ophthalmology service for premature babies was also supported by international donors: TIKA, Kinder Sollen Sehen, IAPB. In 2015, the National Clinical Protocol "Retinopathy of Prematurity" was approved, based on which screening, monitoring and treatment of ROP is performed in the Republic of Moldova. According to the NCP, all children with a gestational age less than 34 weeks and/or with a birth weight less than 2,000 g are included in the mandatory screening. Since 2017, according to the NCP, the treatment for the aggressive forms of ROP are intravitreal Bevacizumab injections. Considering the specifics of the country and the increasing number in the risk groups, in 2 public medical institutions: the Mother and Child Institute and the Municipal Hospital "Gheorghe Palade", nearly all the children are subjected to the ophthalmological examination.