Spondylodiscitis has gained attention lately because of an alarming and progressive increasing of its incidence, reflecting the rise of percentage of the elderly and immunocompromised people, and the implementation in practice of advanced diagnostic methods. This review will focus on the etiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies in spondylodiscitis. The incidence of spondylodiscitis is currently 4-24/1 million, making up to 3-5 % of total osteomyelitis cases. It is approximately two times more common in men than in women. Staphylococcus aureus is involved in 48 % 62.5 % of cases of spondylodiscitis. The clinical picture is dominated by spinal pain and stiffness, and increased erythrocytes sedimentation ratio and C-reactive protein are laboratory markers of spondylodiscitis. The most sensitive imaging method is magnetic resonance imaging. Bacteriological examination is very important for proper and effective treatment, guiding the selection of the antibacterial regiment that has proven to be effective in about 75 % of patients. In other cases, surgical treatment may be used. The prognosis is favorable, except for those with comorbidities or noncompliance with treatment.