In the history of the Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky’s fortress (Odesa region, Ukraine) a special place belongs to the period of Moldavian principality. The location of the monument is connected with the past of the Black Sea region: in antiquity (the city of Tira), the Belgorod of Kiev Russ, the Genoese port, the craft and trade center of the western outskirts of the Mongol Empire. Meanwhile, the real foundation of the fortress’s architectural face laid precisely in the Moldavian period. It presented not only the ”ByzantineBalkan model of a fortified point”, according to M. Shlapak, but also the architectural and construction capabilities of Moldovan architects, and the specifics of Moldova’s own culture of the 15th century. It embodied the national features of Moldavian decorative art: the design of memorial inscriptions, Moldavian heraldry mounted in the walls of the fortress. Moldovan identification is also fixed in its complexity of building materials, construction techniques and the character of material culture, such as pafta buckles, ceramics, coins of Moldavian owners from the time of the fortress’s creation. The planning structure of the fortress, a large part of the curtains and towers preserved the features of the original appearance, despite the next three centuries of the Ottoman period. The archaeological research of the fortress, carried out by us during 1999–2010, made it possible to finally confirm the original part of the wall of the Lower Court, the defensive specifics of which fully corresponded to the early period of the artillery development – to the Moldavian period. This also applies to the construction of the barbican, which contributed to strengthening the defense and combat capacity of this part of the fortress. Chronologically, it coincided with the time of the creation of structures of similar purpose in the countries of Central and Western Europe and testified to the level of development of the defense architecture of the Moldovan state.