From a geopolitical point of view, the Transnistrian region is an arena for the confrontation of a significant number of international and regional actors. Historically and politically, the Russian Federation is the main participant in the Transnistrian conflict settlement process. The foreign policy of the Russian Federation in resolving the Transnistrian conflict, as well as in its attitude towards other conflicts in the post-Soviet space as a whole, was based on the principles of pragmatism and depended directly on national geopolitical interests. This circumstance is conceptually important and must be taken into account in the analysis of the current state of the Transnistrian conflict settlement process. On the one hand, the Russian leadership has assumed non-interference in the internal affairs of the Republic of Moldova, including the Transnistrian region. On the other hand, there were circumstances that ruled out distancing the Russian authorities from participating in the Transnistrian conflict. Thus, the article proposes a factual analysis of the foreign policy directions of the Russian Federation towards the Transnistrian conflict, based on the research of documents and normative acts of the Kremlin administration.