The paper presents the rare plant species of national and international importance, which was identified in the grasslands of the ”Orheiul Vechi” Cultural-Natural Reserve in the period from 2020 to 2022. Has been established the presence of 18 rare plant species (Asparagus officinalis L., Asplenium trichomanes L., Asplenium rutamuraria L., Astragalus albidus Waldst. et Kit., Jurinea stoechaedifolia (Bieb.) DC., Helichrysum arenarium Moench., Helianthemum canum (L.) Hornem., Hyacinthella leucophaea (C. Koch) Schur, Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. et Kit.) Endl., Onosma visianii Clementi, Muscari neglectum Guss., Paronychia cephalotes (Bieb.) Bess., Pulsatilla montana (Hoppe) Rchb., Salvia aethiopis L., Saxifraga tridactylites L., Schivereckia podolica (Bess.) Andrz. ex DC., Stipa capillata L., Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch) identified in the village of Mașcauti (Criuleni district) and the commune of Trebujeni (Orhei district). Among the species identified, 11 have national protection status, being included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova (2015) and Law No. 1538/1998 regarding the fund of natural areas protected by the state. In Romania, 6 species of plants are protected, included in the Red List of Romania (1994) and the Red Book of Romania (2009). 3 rare species are included in the Red Book of Ukraine. One species - Schivereckia podolica (Bess.) Andrz. ex DC.- is protected by the Berne Convention and the Red List of Europe.