Blockchain technology has surpassed its original condition in which it was associated with bitcoin or cryptocurrencies, reaching a new phase, in which it is perceived as a disruptive and revolutionary technology that will impact many aspects of our lives. This perception is largely due to conjecture concerning the future of this technology, it being at the moment in an incipient stage. Thus, due to the massive amount of conjucture regarding blockchain’s future, this paper aims to analyze the scientific literature on blockchain social and economic impact. The methodological tool used is SWOT analysis, which helps identify internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats), summarizing the arguments within the scientific literature. The results revealed the following aspects as strengths of this technology: reduced verification costs, confidentiality, the use of tokens and smart contracts. As weakness we identified the last hundred mile problem. Opportunities identified are related to: global warming and immigrant movements and access to statistical data. The main threats found are: regulations of technology that can inhibit the development process, lack of education and distrust of public. These factors can be considered emerging themes of blockchain technology, due to their involvement in the development of technology and their impact in the future on the economic and social environment. We consider these results relevant in understanding the direction and importance of blockchain technology.