Hellenistic cast glassware from the Northern Black Sea region: prestige items or traded goods
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902/903.2(477) (14)
Prehistory. Prehistoric remains, artefacts, antiquities (254)
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KOLESNYCHENKO, Anzhelika. Hellenistic cast glassware from the Northern Black Sea region: prestige items or traded goods. In: Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei. : Istorie - Arheologie - Muzeologie, Ed. 32, 27-28 octombrie 2022, Chisinau. Chişinău: Casa Editorial-Poligrafică „Bons Offices”, 2022, Ediția 32, pp. 85-86. ISBN 978-9975-166-14-0 (PDF).
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Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei.
Ediția 32, 2022
Conferința "Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională a Muzeului Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei. "
32, Chisinau, Moldova, 27-28 octombrie 2022

Hellenistic cast glassware from the Northern Black Sea region: prestige items or traded goods

CZU: 902/903.2(477)

Pag. 85-86

Kolesnychenko Anzhelika12
 
1 Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna,
2 Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 27 octombrie 2022


Rezumat

Hellenistic cast vessels include lidded bowls (or exaleiptra), gold-sanwich bowls, monochrome vessels with relief ornament, gold-band vessels, monochrome ware, monochrome grooved bowls, mosaic vessels and ribbed bowls. The earliest cast vessels in this region are represented by lidded bowls, which were produced in the late IV - early III centuries BCE and continued to be in use up till the late III - early II centuries BCE. There are around 30 vessels known by now. This type of vessels was found in Olbia. Probably, these vessels were not sold on a free market. Rather they were produced exclusively “on demand”. Unlike lidded bowls, the gold-sandwich glass vessels were produced in other technique. The cut gold leaf decoration was applied to the outer wall of the inner bowl, maybe using an adhesive. The two transparent layers were partially fused together. There is a single specimen found in Olbia. Gold-sandwich glass vessels dated to the first half of the IIIrd up to the IInd century BCE. There are around 20 vessels so far known. Probably, these vessels were produced intentionally as sacral items or burial goods. The monochrome vessels with relief ornament of “Achaemenid style” are prestige items like the previous type of vessels. Their distribution in Northern Black sea region was limited by the area of the Lower Dniester river. There are 3 items found on the island of Leucos (Zmeiny), in Tyras (Greek colony) and Semenivka kurgan. Samples from Zmeiny and Tyras have the closest analogies in Rhodian and Macedonian artifacts discovered in the contexts of second-third quarter IV century BCE. Complex with glass bowl from Semenivka is dated to late III - early II BCE. The late Hellenistic period yielded gold- band glass, a new class combining coloured glass and gold-leaf. Probably they were made by rod-formed technique. Hellenistic vessels are dated to II-I centuries BC. They are mostly known from south and center of Italy as far as in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Gold-band glass vessels were retrieved from Olbia, Panticapeum, Gorgippia and at the sacral site of the Gurzuf Saddle. The great classof cast vessels is represented by a glass amphora from Olbia. It is the largest glass vessel, which survived till nowadays from ancient world before invention of glass blowing. It is dated between 150-80 years BC. There are no doubts about her extraordinary meaning. In Late Hellenistic period different types of monochrome ware and mosaic vessels were imported to Black sea region. They still were expensive goods, but they wasn’t luxury glass anymore. The elite vessels (lidded bowls, gold-sanwich bowl and gold-band vessels) entering to Olbia could reflect the social stratification and “elitization” of Olbian society. The vessels were not traded like goods; rather they were produced “on demand” and were used exclusively as markers of prestige of their owners. They had no economical price, they had just social value. The expansive late Hellenistic glass vessels (gold-band glasses, grooved bowls, glass amphora) could form a part of diplomatic gifts or military trophies. Other types of cast glass vessels reflected the continuation of glass production in new organizational system, which had exploited widely well-known trade roads of distribution.