Introduction: According to some authors’ data, 1850 % patients with a TIA (transient ischemic attack) develop cerebral infarction during the following years. Purpose: To specify the prevalence of clinical variants and the etiological factors in TIA. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 84 patients, evaluating the correlation between anamnesis, clinical, radiological data including Doppler and the brain CT results. The patients’ age range was 45-72 years old, 53 were female and 31 male. Results: Depending on the affected cerebral vascular system, the clinical types were divided as following: 16 cases of TIA in the carotid system and 68 cases of TIA in the vertebrobasilar system. The causes of TIA proved to be: atherosclerosis of magistral blood vessels (28 cases); hypertensive emergency (5 cases); hypertensive emergency associated with atherosclerosis of magistral blood vessels (37 cases); cardiac pathology (including valvular prosthesis and cardiostimulators- 9 cases); dysmetabolic syndrome (3 cases); undetermined (2 cases). Conclusions: TIA happens twice more frequently in the vertebrobasilar system than in the carotid system. Main etiological factors remain: atherosclerosis of cerebral blood vessels, hypertension associated with cerebral atherosclerosis and cardiac pathology. Patients with TIA need dynamic monitoring for prevention of cerebral infarction.