Until now, the term of population quality is at the stage of discussion by specialists. In the most common cases, this quality is associated with human potential, rarely - with human factor. However, the human quality perceived as valuable potential, has a content much larger than that is presented in different publications. The point is that population has many qualities (and not just one) and that these can be accepted as some potentials, including those that are useful for development. In this context, it is necessary to highlight the quality categories, which have certain developmental utilities and those with other purposes. It is obvious that the variety of concrete human qualities, in condition of existence of many thousands of ethnic communities within those nearly 200 independent states of the world, is very large. It follows that the appreciation of human qualities that are important for development can be done not in a strictly ethnic, but in a state profile, and that the indices of certain qualities are taken at the level of international competitiveness. In the state profile, human qualities useful for development can be included in the term of functional human factor (which is manifested by practical actions with the most appreciable results) or of nonfunctional human factor (which is not manifested like this). In the Republic of Moldova, for various reasons, the human factor is nonfunctional. To become functional, its indices must reach the necessary level of competitiveness.