Medical waste processing in the Republic of Moldova
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628.47:615.47(478) (1)
Public health engineering. Water. Sanitation. Illuminating engineering (291)
Pharmaceutical preparations. Medical material. Equipment (102)
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MEREUTA, Aliona. Medical waste processing in the Republic of Moldova. In: Ecological and environmental chemistry : - 2022, Ed. 7, 3-4 martie 2022, Chișinău. Chisinau: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al USM, 2022, Ediția 7, Vol.1, pp. 189-191. ISBN 978-9975-159-07-4.. 10.19261/eec.2022.v1
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Ecological and environmental chemistry
Ediția 7, Vol.1, 2022
Conferința "Ecological and environmental chemistry 2022"
7, Chișinău, Moldova, 3-4 martie 2022

Medical waste processing in the Republic of Moldova

CZU: 628.47:615.47(478)

Pag. 189-191

Mereuta Aliona
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 17 martie 2022


Rezumat

Covid -19 has manifested and is still manifesting a negative impact on public health, global economy and on the environment. The preventive, protection and control measures of coronavirus are continuouslu generating more medical waste: contaminated masks, gloves, used or expired medicine and other infected protection equipment. The improper management of the medical waste could cause unpredicted consequences on the public health and the environment. So, Covid -19 brings challenges in the field of medical waste management as well [1]. The economical agents from the Republic of Moldova have taken this challenge, so SRL Uispac, that has financial support from the National Agency for Research and development, has implemented a project with a technological transfer of neutralization through thermal sterilization of infectious medical waste, using the local machinery Thermoshreder 420 elaborated, created and authorized in the Republic of Moldova. Neutralization through thermal sterilization of the infectious medical waste using the Thermoshreder 420 is a local solution method, without incineration, of the infectious medical waste processing problem. The process happens and temperatures of 160 – 190oC, with the concomitant chopping, sterilization and destruction of the confidential information keeping units in a single compact space. The machinery transforms the waste from ―red bags‖ (biologically dangerous biomedical), including the stinging and sharp objects, to municipal sterilized waste [2]. The medical waste treatment process in the local machinery Thermoshreder 420 is closed where the chopping of all the treated medical waste types takes place, and then a further heat treatment of that medical waste takes place. The analysis of this process does not show the drain of any pollutants into the environment, like some pollutants in gaseous, liquid, dust state or any other emissions in any other states. The main disinfection process is represented by the thermal factor, that ensures the total neutralization of the treated medical waste. In the technological process of the specified plant there is not even residual water formed. In result, it can be confirmed that in the functioning process, the installation does not cause any damage to the environment: there are no emissions into the atmosphere, no residual water and no solid waste. The processing capacity of the machinery is 420 l, which is equivalent to approximately 42 kg of infectious, liquid and solid waste (if the density verifies the relation 100 l = 10 kg). A cicle takes 45 min. Neutralization by thermal sterilization of infectious medical waste using Thermoshreder 420 is a method of local solution, without incineration, of the problem of treatment of infectious medical waste. The process takes place at temperatures of 160-1900C, with the concomitant crushing, sterilization and destruction of the confidential information storage units in a single compact space. The device converts waste from "red bags" (biologically hazardous / biomedical), including stinging and cutting objects, into sterilized municipal waste [2]. An operational cycle of the Thermoshreder 420 includes: - waste collection: in a trolley or a crate a special plastic or big autoclavable bags are put to prevent the gluing of the waste on the container. Then, the red bags are put in these containers together with the single-use containers for sharp objects. - Preliminary heating: (at the beginning of the work shift) the machinery is heated for around 90 minutes, depending on the room temperature. - Waste loading: The containers with waste are loaded into the bunker. The waste is chopped using the shredder. Chopped materials fall in the intermediate bunker, then, with the help of the screw, are transported all over the treatment room, where due to the temperature and the shape of the screw, turn into a homogeneous mass, melted and disinfected, that is evacuated through the discharging channel. The machinery reduces the volume of the treated waste by 70-80%. The machinery also transforms the waste in a way that it becomes unrecognizable. In the adjustment process of the physico-chemical parameters, The National Agency for Public Health has done the microbiological control of the neutralized medical waste with thermoshreder TS 420 and the gas emissions in the working area and has released the positive approval. Also, the ecological examination of the medical waste sterilization machinery was made using the thermoshreder TS 420 by the Institute of Ecology and Geography, that has also released the positive approval. According to the conducted analysis and the project documentation were obtained: The sanitary approval regarding the application in production of the machinery, technological lines, new chemical substances; the sanitary approval regarding the location of the treatment sector through thermal sterilization of the infectious medical waste using the Thermoshreder 420; Approval regarding the establishment of the sanitary area and acceptance of the compartment Environment Protection. Environment Agency has examined the preliminary evaluation file of the environmental impact caused by planned activity regarding the treatment through thermal sterilization of the infectious medical waste using Thermoshreder 420; Project documentation and the compartment Environment Protection has released the approval of state ecological examination for the project documentation, and using this was released the environment Approval for waste management. Conclusions. At the moment, SRL Uispac has more than 400 contracts signed with medical bugetary institutions and private clinics regarding transportation and neutralization through autoclaving and thermal sterilization of medical waste, resulted from the medical activity. 85% of these contracts are clients from mun. Chisinau and suburbs and the rest form the republic. The neutralized waste quantity at SRL Uispac varies from 20 to 25 t per month.