Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults worldwide and about half of those affected are from Europe. The geographical distribution of MS is heterogeneous, but it is well known that the disease is more prevalent in temperate zones than in the tropics, with significant variations between regions of the same latitude, even within the same country. An interaction of environmental and genetic factors is thought to trigger the development of MS. Aim: To investigate epidemiological and clinical data of multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Moldova, including gender and age specific trends, taking into account the fact that the natural evolution of the disease is not yet influenced by the use of disease-modifying drugs. Methods: 747 MS patients were included in the study. McDonalds’ Criteria (2010) was used to establish the diagnosis. All data from the different epidemiological sources was incorporated into a single dataset. The demographic and clinical data collections were performed using a paper form of questionnaires completed by a retrospective analysis of hospital records. Results: On December 31st 2012, 747 patients were residing in the study area. Of 724 prevalent patients, 460 (63,5%) were female, mean age of 42.1±11.9 years and 264 (36,5%) were male, mean age 40.8±12.8 years. The crude onset-adjusted prevalence was 21.0 per 100,000 (95%CI: 14.8-27.1) and the standardized prevalence 20.2. A higher number of MS patients was recorded for the rural (72.6%) than in the urban area (27.4%) as well as for the administrative area of the North (33.8%) in comparison with the South (11.1%). Conclusion: This study supplies a wide picture of the age and gender-specific prevalence of MS throughout the Republic of Moldova, standardized to European population. The higher frequency of all manifestations on 31st December 2012 reflects the worsening of the disease, which proves the disease progression and necessity of disease-modifying therapy.