The aim of the research was to assess the risk of toxic element pollution on agricultural production and public health in rural regions of Moldova. Sources, species, and actual pollution levels of principal toxic elements (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, As, Se) in rural regions were evaluated in selected pilot study areas. The determination of toxic element concentration in different environmental media (soil, sediments, water, ground water, and plants) was made by AAS methods. Bioavailability of heavy metal was assessed by sequential extraction procedure. The total concentration of trace elements in agricultural regions is associated with run-off and discharge of municipal and domestic wastes. Selenium concentration in groundwater exceeds the MAL in 80 % of the groundwater samples (maximum value 240,0 g/l). Other microelements episodically exceed MAL in groundwater. The total Selenium concentration in soil samples is in deficiency interval (0,125 - 0,175 mg/kg). Possible sources of Selenium could be Neogene age rocks, in which thin layers of silty sand have relatively high Selenium concentrations (average: 0,90 mg/kg; range: 0,54 – 1,39 mg/kg). The sediments from small rivers in rural regions where the rivers drain these Neogene units can contain Selenium up to 3,14 mg/kg. South Moldavian Power Station Plant is artificial pollution sources of Selenium in the environment (0,50 - 2,50 mg/kg). This Power Plant is situated in the lower Nistru region and is a potentially dangerous point source for metals in local river ecosystems. The general conclusions are that the amount of metals in light solubility forms depends of total the trace element concentration and that organic matter plays a significant role in the migration and accumulation processes controlling the bioavailability and mobility of these metals. The concentration of toxic chemical elements in different environmental media and risk of contamination depends on land use as well as potential point and non-point pollution sources.