The assessment of phytotoxicity of soil polluted with organochlorine pesticides
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631.4:632.95:574.24 (1)
Soil science. Pedology. Soil research (715)
Plant damage, injuries. Plant diseases. Pests, organisms injurious to plants. Plant protection (977)
General ecology and biodiversity (779)
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JOSAN (VORONA), Valentina, RASTIMEŞINA, Inna, POSTOLAKY, О.. The assessment of phytotoxicity of soil polluted with organochlorine pesticides. In: Biotehnologii moderne - soluții pentru provocările lumii contemporane, 20-21 mai 2021, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Tipografia "Artpoligraf", 2021, p. 67. ISBN 978-9975-3498-7-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52757/imb21.033
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Biotehnologii moderne - soluții pentru provocările lumii contemporane 2021
Simpozionul "Simpozion ştiinţific naţional cu participare internaţională: "
Chişinău, Moldova, 20-21 mai 2021

The assessment of phytotoxicity of soil polluted with organochlorine pesticides

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52757/imb21.033
CZU: 631.4:632.95:574.24

Pag. 67-67

Josan (Vorona) Valentina, Rastimeşina Inna, Postolaky О.
 
Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology
 
Proiecte:
 
Disponibil în IBN: 11 iunie 2021


Rezumat

At the current stage, in the Republic of Moldova, there are amounts of territories contaminated with pesticides. The abandoned storehouses, which previously contained persistent organic pollutants (POPs), were destroyed, and the remains of their foundations are a continuous source of soil contamination. The most frequently in polluted soil are determined the widely known organochlorine pesticides, used as insecticides: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH); these compounds being lipophilic, persistent, with a high degree of bioaccumulation, toxic, etc. Cultivated plants accumulate the chemical elements from the soil and once this soil is contaminated, their morpho-physiological development is changed. The method of phytoremediation of soils polluted with pesticides, is based on the use of the phytoextraction capacity of some plants – absorption and accumulation of dangerous contaminants in the body of plants (Cucurbitaceae family) or phytostimulation by creating a habitat and stimulating the development of destructive microorganisms (Fabaceae family, Poacea family). In accordance with the above mentioned, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides on plant seeds, which are used in phytoremediation processes – oat and zucchini. The objects of research were five soil samples, with a high content of persistent organic pollutants, selected from territory of the pesticide storehouse, located near the village of SloboziaDusca, Criuleni district. The sample of the reference soil (control soil) was taken at a distance of 200 m from the storehouse on the rising slope. The averaged soil sample was collected from the entire site’s area. Three soil samples were collected from different zones of the site: sample 1 – near the basement of demolished storage, up the slope; sample 2 and 3 – down the slope. The soil plate method was used to evaluate the degree of phytotoxicity of the polluted soil, with the application of oat seeds (Avena sativa L.) and zucchini seeds (Cucurbita pepo L.). The degree of soil toxicity was determined by the difference in germ length between the experimental and control variants. Analysis of the data showed that contaminated soil is toxic to oat and zucchini seeds; the degree of soil toxicity was 63.47% and 65.82%, respectively. The reference soil was not toxic to the tested seeds. The lowest degree of phytotoxicity – 48.05-51.26% was observed for the soil sample 1, which can be explained by the decrease of pesticide residues in the soil, due to the activity of the microbiota of the polluted soil. The highest degree of phytotoxicity – 97.95-98.42%, was observed for the soil sample 2, where strong inhibition of seedling growth was recorded. This can be explained by the accumulation in the soil of large amounts of pesticides, and probably sulfur compounds. Thus, it was demonstrated that the soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides, taken from the different locations of the former pesticide storage CR-Slobozia Dusca-01, have different degrees of phytotoxicity, which indicates that the site contains pollution of different nature and level, respectively, and the activity of soil microbiota differs.