The data on black fly fauna in Moldova are absent in the old and modern literature. Overall, 45 black fly species from the genera Prosimulium (four species) and Simulium (41 species) are common both for Romania and Ukraine and expected to be present in Moldova. For the first time cross-sectional entomological survey was conducted in 2018 to detect the breeding sites of Simuliidae in Moldova. Productive breeding sites of black flies were identified in the creek close to the Dniester River section located in Vascauti village, Racovat River sections located in Branzeni and Burlanesti villages. Immature stages of black flies also have been found in the small creeks in Chisinau and Duruitoarea Veche.