In 1812, the tsarist government provoked a new vulnerable geopolitical point on European political map that would wait until 1918 for its historical solution. Alexander I, who was pressed by the imminent danger of the military conflict with France, opposition of the great Western powers to realization of his expansionist plans in South-Eastern Europe and resistance of the Ottoman diplomacy, substantially reduced the Russian territorial claims: from the Danubian Principalities to Moldova, then from Moldova to Siret, and, finally, to the Moldova between Prut and Dniester (Bessarabia). The opinion of the founder of Russian geopolitics, famous Nikolay Danilevsky, was even more critical: “In fact, we did not simply get Bessarabia, but we missed the possibility of acquiring Moldavia and Wallachia.” The peace treaty in Bucharest, de facto, marks a concession (in an extremely tight international context) on the account of Moldova, when in situation of crisis, provoked by the Eastern Question, the genesis of a new problem, “Bessarabian Question” occurs. We should note that the essence of this issue is of political nature, consisting of the national-territorial integrity of the Moldovans (Romanians), and results from the partial conquest and annexation of Moldova, by setting an arbitrary limit (splitting the country practically into two halves by the river Prut) and the establishment of Russia in the Danube Delta – thus denoting the genesis of a new international ethno-political problem. If the Romanian question as an international problem in the nineteenth century meant the imperative tendency of national unity, the Bessarabian one lies in the national and territorial division of Moldovans in 1812 and the perpetuation of their separation from the motherland - Romania.